What term describes the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs?

The term that describes the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs is known as the spoils system. This practice became prominent in the early 19th century, particularly during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, who believed that government jobs should be accessible to his political allies and supporters. The idea was rooted in the belief that individuals who helped the winning party during elections deserved to be rewarded with positions of power, thereby reinforcing party loyalty and commitment.

The spoils system contrasts sharply with the merit system, which emphasizes hiring based on qualifications and capabilities rather than political connections. While the merit system focuses on skills and exams to determine suitability for positions, the spoils system relies heavily on the relationships individuals have within a political party.

The terms "patronage system" and "political patronage" can also refer to similar concepts of rewarding supporters. However, the phrase "spoils system" has historically been the most widely used and recognized terminology for this practice, particularly in the context of U.S. political history, which solidifies its distinct identity within the discussion of government employment practices.