Which Constitutional principle allows for the division of powers between state and national governments?

The principle of federalism is fundamental in the U.S. Constitution as it establishes the division of powers between the national and state governments. Under this framework, both levels of government have their own set of responsibilities and powers, which allows them to operate independently while also having some overlapping authority.

This arrangement is intended to balance power and prevent any single entity from becoming too powerful, promoting a system where both state and national governments can coexist and address the needs of their respective constituents. Federalism also enables states to implement policies that cater to their unique circumstances, while the national government handles issues of broader concern that affect the entire country.

The other principles, such as checks and balances, separation of powers, and judicial review, play important roles in governance but are not specifically focused on the division of powers between state and national governments. Checks and balances relate to how the three branches of government interact to limit each other's powers. Separation of powers deals with the division of responsibilities among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the national government. Judicial review refers to the ability of courts to determine the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions.