Which failed invasion aimed to overthrow Castro's government in Cuba in 1961?

The event that aimed to overthrow Fidel Castro's government in Cuba in 1961 was the Bay of Pigs invasion. This operation, conducted by a CIA-backed group of Cuban exiles, was intended to establish a beachhead in Cuba and ultimately spark a rebellion against Castro. However, the invasion was poorly planned and executed, leading to a significant defeat for the exiles. The failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion had far-reaching consequences, including strengthening Castro's position in Cuba and increasing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

In contrast, Operation Rolling Thunder was a sustained bombing campaign during the Vietnam War, while Operation Mongoose was an effort focused on destabilizing Castro's regime through various covert actions. Operation Northwoods was a proposed plan to conduct false-flag operations to justify military intervention in Cuba, which was never implemented. Thus, Bay of Pigs specifically relates to the direct military attempt to overthrow Castro in 1961.