Which principle refers to the division of government into three branches, ensuring that no single branch holds more power than the others?

The principle that refers to dividing government into three branches—typically the executive, legislative, and judicial branches—is known as Separation of Powers. This framework is designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful, ensuring that each branch operates independently and has its own distinct functions.

By establishing this system, the framers of the Constitution sought to avoid the concentration of power that could lead to tyranny, which was a significant concern derived from their experiences under British rule. The three branches can keep each other accountable, fostering a government that is more balanced and representative of the people's will. This principle is foundational to the structure of the U.S. government, emphasizing that while each branch has specific responsibilities, they work together to govern while maintaining their independence.

Other principles mentioned, such as Checks and Balances, Federalism, and Judicial Review, serve different purposes within the broader context of government organization and operation. However, Separation of Powers specifically addresses the structural division of authority among the branches themselves.